Elder elder Sambucus nigra (elder) is a vigorous large shrub or small tree valued for highly fragrant umbels of creamy-white flowers in late spring and clusters of purple-black berries in late summer. Flowers are used for cordials and fritters; fully ripe cooked berries for jams, syrups, and wine. The plant is hardy and resilient, coppices well, and makes an excellent wildlife plant, supporting pollinators and birds. Many ornamental cultivars exist (e.g., 'Haschberg', 'Sampo' for yield; 'Black Lace' for foliage). Select named fruiting cultivars for reliable harvest in colder zones. Site in sun for maximum bloom and berry production. Growing conditions LightFull sun to light shade; best flowering and fruiting in at least 6 hours of direct sun. Soil typeMoist, well-drained loam or clay-loam enriched with organic matter; tolerates heavier soils if not waterlogged. Water requirementModerate; keep evenly moist during establishment and flowering/fruiting. Drought reduces berry set. Nutrient requirementLow to moderate; annual compost mulch is usually sufficient. Avoid heavy nitrogen which promotes leafy growth over flowers. Back to plant list
