General
Lavender is a fragrant, evergreen to semi-evergreen perennial subshrub native to the Mediterranean region. It is prized for its aromatic foliage, purple-blue flowers, and essential oils used in perfumes, culinary applications, and herbal remedies. In colder climates it requires excellent drainage and a sunny, sheltered location to overwinter successfully. Lavender is also an excellent pollinator plant and a classic choice for borders, herb gardens, and gravel plantings.
Light
Full sun; requires as much direct sunlight as possible.
Soil type
Very well-drained, sandy or gravelly soil; dislikes heavy clay.
Water requirement
Low; drought tolerant once established.
Nutrient requirement
Low; excess nutrients reduce fragrance and plant longevity.
Precultivation
Lavender can be grown from seed, though germination is slow and variable. Surface-sow seeds and keep lightly moist until germination. Seed-grown plants may take one to two years to reach full flowering. Many gardeners prefer vegetatively propagated plants for uniformity.
Planting
Plant in late spring when soil has warmed. Space plants 40–60 cm apart to allow airflow. Avoid planting too deep; the crown should sit slightly above soil level. In heavy soils, improve drainage with sand or grit or use raised beds.
Pruning
Annual pruning keeps lavender compact and long-lived. Prune lightly in spring and optionally after flowering, always leaving some green growth. Never cut hard into woody stems, as regeneration is poor.
Maintenance
Lavender requires little maintenance once established. Water sparingly and avoid fertilization beyond a light spring compost. Remove weeds to reduce competition. In colder, wetter climates, protect plants from winter moisture rather than cold.
Harvest
Harvest flowers when they are just beginning to open. Cut stems in dry weather and dry them in small bundles for sachets, oils, or culinary use.
Common issues
Root rot in poorly drained soils is the most common problem. Leggy growth results from insufficient pruning or excess nutrients. Winter dieback is often caused by moisture.
Pollination
Insect-pollinated, highly attractive to bees and butterflies.
Companion plants
Rosemary, thyme, sage, roses, ornamental grasses.
Incompatible plants
Moisture-loving plants and those requiring rich, wet soil.
