General
Cornelian cherry is a large shrub or small tree valued for its extremely early yellow flowers, edible red berries, and long lifespan. Native to Europe and western Asia, it is very hardy and adaptable. The plant is often used as a hedge, specimen shrub, or small multi-stem tree. Its early bloom makes it especially valuable for biodiversity, while the late-summer fruits add ornamental and culinary interest.
Light
Full sun to partial sun; best flowering and fruiting in sun.
Soil type
Well-drained loam or clay loam; tolerant of a wide range of soils, including limestone.
Water requirement
Medium; drought tolerant once established but benefits from watering during long dry spells.
Nutrient requirement
Low to medium; thrives in moderately fertile soil without heavy fertilization.
Precultivation
Seed propagation is slow and requires double dormancy with warm and cold stratification. For home gardens, plants are usually purchased container-grown or propagated vegetatively to ensure reliable fruiting.
Planting
Plant in spring or early autumn in a sunny or lightly shaded position. Allow plenty of space for mature size. Loosen the soil well and water regularly during the first growing season to establish deep roots.
Pruning
Minimal pruning is needed. Remove dead or crossing branches in early spring. If grown as a tree, lower branches can be removed gradually to form a trunk. Avoid heavy pruning which reduces flowering.
Maintenance
Cornelian cherry is low-maintenance once established. Mulch in spring with compost or leaf mold. Water during prolonged droughts. Fertilization is rarely necessary in normal garden soil.
Harvest
Berries ripen from late summer to early autumn. They are ready when deep red and soft. Fruits can be eaten fresh when fully ripe or processed into preserves. Slightly underripe berries are very tart.
Common issues
Generally very healthy. Poor fruiting may occur without cross-pollination or in deep shade. Birds may compete for ripe fruit.
Pollination
Insect-pollinated; cross-pollination improves fruit set.
Companion plants
Hazel, hawthorn, elder, spring bulbs, woodland perennials.
Incompatible plants
Plants requiring very acidic or constantly wet soils.
